光纖(xian)直(zhi)放站是使用(yong)光纖(xian)進(jin)行(xing)信號傳輸的直(zhi)放站。光纖(xian)的使用(yong)具有傳輸損耗低，布線(xian)方便，適合遠距離傳輸的特點。

由(you)于無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)傳輸的陰影效應，移動(dong)通信信號的盲區(qu)或弱(ruo)區(qu)經常形成(cheng)在(zai)這(zhe)些高(gao)層(ceng)建筑物的后面或中間。在(zai)蜂窩移動(dong)基站的建設(she)過程中，由(you)于相鄰小區(qu)的干擾問題，天線(xian)(xian)輻射場方向(xiang)圖(tu)的主瓣(ban)具有(you)大的下傾角，因此(ci)，高(gao)層(ceng)建筑物的中上部無(wu)(wu)法接收信號。這(zhe)就(jiu)是研究光纖(xian)直放站的原因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單元）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器都包(bao)括(kuo)射頻單元和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)單元。無線(xian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)從基站(zhan)耦合后(hou)，通(tong)過電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換進(jin)(jin)入(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)轉換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再經過通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)輸(shu)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器。信(xin)號(hao)(hao)被轉換為電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，并(bing)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)射頻單元進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)大(da)。信(xin)號(hao)(hao)放(fang)大(da)后(hou)，將(jiang)其發(fa)(fa)送(song)到(dao)發(fa)(fa)射天(tian)線(xian)以(yi)覆蓋目標(biao)區域(yu)。上行鏈路的工作原理(li)相同(tong)。手機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)送(song)的信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通(tong)過接(jie)收天(tian)線(xian)到(dao)達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)到(dao)達(da)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)站(zhan)。

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