光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直(zhi)放站是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)進行信(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)的直(zhi)放站。光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的使(shi)(shi)用具有傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)損耗低，布線方便，適合遠距離傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)的特點。

由(you)于無線傳輸的陰(yin)影(ying)效應，移動通信信號的盲區或弱區經常形成(cheng)在這些高(gao)層(ceng)建筑物的后面或中間。在蜂窩移動基站的建設過程中，由(you)于相鄰小區的干(gan)擾問題(ti)，天線輻射場方向圖的主瓣具有大的下傾角，因此(ci)，高(gao)層(ceng)建筑物的中上(shang)部無法(fa)接收信號。這就是(shi)研究(jiu)光纖直(zhi)放站的原因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)近端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)（覆(fu)(fu)蓋單(dan)(dan)元）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)學近端機(ji)(ji)(ji)器和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)器都包括射(she)頻(pin)單(dan)(dan)元和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學單(dan)(dan)元。無線(xian)(xian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)從基(ji)站耦合(he)后，通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)，再經(jing)過通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)輸(shu)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)程機(ji)(ji)(ji)器。信(xin)號(hao)(hao)被轉(zhuan)換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，并進(jin)入射(she)頻(pin)單(dan)(dan)元進(jin)行放(fang)大。信(xin)號(hao)(hao)放(fang)大后，將其發送(song)到(dao)發射(she)天線(xian)(xian)以覆(fu)(fu)蓋目標(biao)區域。上行鏈路的工作(zuo)原理相同。手機(ji)(ji)(ji)發送(song)的信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通(tong)過接(jie)收天線(xian)(xian)到(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后到(dao)達近端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后返回(hui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)直放(fang)站。

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