光纖(xian)直放站是(shi)使用光纖(xian)進行信號傳(chuan)輸的(de)直放站。光纖(xian)的(de)使用具有傳(chuan)輸損耗低，布線(xian)方便，適合遠距(ju)離傳(chuan)輸的(de)特點(dian)。

由于無線(xian)傳輸的陰影(ying)效(xiao)應，移動通(tong)信(xin)(xin)信(xin)(xin)號的盲區或弱區經(jing)常形(xing)成(cheng)在(zai)這些高層建(jian)(jian)筑物的后面或中間。在(zai)蜂窩移動基站的建(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程中，由于相(xiang)鄰(lin)小區的干(gan)擾問題，天線(xian)輻射場(chang)方(fang)向圖的主瓣具有大(da)的下傾角，因此，高層建(jian)(jian)筑物的中上部無法(fa)接收信(xin)(xin)號。這就是(shi)研究光纖直放站的原因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)近(jin)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)遠(yuan)(yuan)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)(dan)元）組(zu)成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學近(jin)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)(yuan)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)都包括(kuo)射頻(pin)單(dan)(dan)元和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學單(dan)(dan)元。無(wu)線(xian)(xian)信(xin)號(hao)從基站耦合后(hou)，通過電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)進入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，再經過通過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)輸到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)。信(xin)號(hao)被轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，并進入射頻(pin)單(dan)(dan)元進行放大(da)(da)。信(xin)號(hao)放大(da)(da)后(hou)，將其發送(song)到發射天線(xian)(xian)以覆蓋目(mu)標區域。上行鏈路(lu)的工作原理(li)相同。手機(ji)(ji)(ji)發送(song)的信(xin)號(hao)通過接收天線(xian)(xian)到達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)(yuan)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)到達(da)近(jin)端機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)返(fan)回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)直放站。

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