光(guang)纖(xian)直(zhi)放(fang)站是使(shi)(shi)用光(guang)纖(xian)進(jin)行信號傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)直(zhi)放(fang)站。光(guang)纖(xian)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用具有傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)損(sun)耗低，布(bu)線方便(bian)，適合遠距離傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)特點。

由(you)于無(wu)線傳輸的陰影效應，移動通(tong)信信號(hao)的盲(mang)區或弱區經常(chang)形成在這(zhe)些高(gao)層建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的后面或中(zhong)(zhong)間。在蜂(feng)窩(wo)移動基站的建設(she)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，由(you)于相鄰小區的干擾問題，天(tian)線輻(fu)射場方(fang)向(xiang)圖的主瓣具有大的下(xia)傾角，因此，高(gao)層建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的中(zhong)(zhong)上部(bu)無(wu)法(fa)接收信號(hao)。這(zhe)就是研究光(guang)纖直放站的原因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單元(yuan)）組成(cheng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)器和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)器都包(bao)括射(she)頻(pin)單元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)單元(yuan)。無線(xian)信(xin)號(hao)從基站耦合(he)后，通(tong)過電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換進入光(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)到光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，再經過通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳輸(shu)到光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠(yuan)程機(ji)(ji)器。信(xin)號(hao)被轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，并進入射(she)頻(pin)單元(yuan)進行放(fang)大(da)。信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大(da)后，將(jiang)其發送到發射(she)天線(xian)以覆蓋目(mu)標區域。上行鏈路的工(gong)作原理相同。手機(ji)(ji)發送的信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過接(jie)收(shou)天線(xian)到達光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然(ran)(ran)后到達近端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然(ran)(ran)后返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)直放(fang)站。

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