光(guang)纖直放站(zhan)是使用光(guang)纖進(jin)行信(xin)號傳(chuan)輸的(de)(de)直放站(zhan)。光(guang)纖的(de)(de)使用具有傳(chuan)輸損耗低，布線(xian)方便(bian)，適合遠距離傳(chuan)輸的(de)(de)特點(dian)。

由(you)于無線傳輸的(de)(de)陰影效應，移動通信(xin)(xin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)盲區(qu)或(huo)弱區(qu)經常形成(cheng)在(zai)這些高層建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)(de)后(hou)面或(huo)中(zhong)間。在(zai)蜂窩移動基(ji)站的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設過程中(zhong)，由(you)于相鄰小區(qu)的(de)(de)干擾(rao)問題，天線輻射場方(fang)向圖(tu)的(de)(de)主瓣具有大(da)的(de)(de)下傾角，因(yin)(yin)此，高層建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)(de)中(zhong)上部(bu)無法接收信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。這就是研究光纖直(zhi)放站的(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)。

光纖直放站主(zhu)要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)元）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學近(jin)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)都包括射頻單(dan)元和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學單(dan)元。無線信(xin)號從基站(zhan)(zhan)耦合后，通(tong)過電光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，將電信(xin)號轉(zhuan)換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再經過通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳輸到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)程機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)。信(xin)號被轉(zhuan)換為電信(xin)號，并進(jin)入射頻單(dan)元進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)大。信(xin)號放(fang)大后，將其發(fa)(fa)送到(dao)(dao)發(fa)(fa)射天(tian)線以覆蓋目標區域。上行(xing)鏈(lian)路的工作原理(li)相同。手機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)送的信(xin)號通(tong)過接收(shou)天(tian)線到(dao)(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然后到(dao)(dao)達近(jin)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然后返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)站(zhan)(zhan)。

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