光(guang)纖直(zhi)放(fang)站是使(shi)用光(guang)纖進(jin)行信號傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)的直(zhi)放(fang)站。光(guang)纖的使(shi)用具(ju)有傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)損耗低，布線方便，適(shi)合遠距離傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)的特點。

由于無(wu)線傳(chuan)輸(shu)的陰影效應，移動通信(xin)(xin)(xin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號的盲區(qu)或(huo)弱(ruo)區(qu)經(jing)常形成(cheng)在這些(xie)高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的后面(mian)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)間。在蜂窩移動基站的建(jian)設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，由于相鄰小(xiao)區(qu)的干擾問(wen)題，天線輻射(she)場方向圖(tu)的主(zhu)瓣具(ju)有(you)大的下傾角，因(yin)此，高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的中(zhong)(zhong)上部無(wu)法接(jie)收信(xin)(xin)(xin)號。這就(jiu)是(shi)研究光纖直放站的原因(yin)。

光纖直放站主要(yao)由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖遠(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機（覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)）組(zu)成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機器和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機器都包括(kuo)射(she)(she)頻單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。無線(xian)(xian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)從基站耦合后(hou)，通(tong)過(guo)電光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換進入(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機，將(jiang)電信(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖，再經過(guo)通(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖傳輸到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)(yuan)程機器。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)被(bei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為電信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，并進入(ru)射(she)(she)頻單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行放大。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)放大后(hou)，將(jiang)其發送到(dao)發射(she)(she)天線(xian)(xian)以覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)目標(biao)區域(yu)。上行鏈路(lu)的工作原理相同。手機發送的信(xin)(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)接收天線(xian)(xian)到(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)到(dao)達近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖直放站。

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