光纖(xian)直放站(zhan)是使(shi)用光纖(xian)進行信號傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸的直放站(zhan)。光纖(xian)的使(shi)用具有傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸損耗低，布線方便，適合遠距離(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輸的特點。

由于無線(xian)傳輸的陰影(ying)效應，移動通信信號的盲區或(huo)(huo)弱(ruo)區經常形成(cheng)在這些高層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的后(hou)面或(huo)(huo)中間。在蜂窩(wo)移動基站(zhan)的建(jian)設過程中，由于相鄰小區的干擾問(wen)題，天線(xian)輻射場方向圖(tu)的主瓣具(ju)有(you)大(da)的下(xia)傾(qing)角(jiao)，因此，高層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的中上部(bu)無法接(jie)收(shou)信號。這就是研究光纖(xian)直放站(zhan)的原因。

光纖直放站主要(yao)由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)近端機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)遠端機(ji)(ji)（覆蓋(gai)單元(yuan)）組成(cheng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學近端機(ji)(ji)器(qi)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠端機(ji)(ji)器(qi)都(dou)包(bao)括射(she)頻單元(yuan)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學單元(yuan)。無線信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)從(cong)(cong)基站(zhan)耦合后，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)，從(cong)(cong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，再(zai)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳輸到(dao)(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠程機(ji)(ji)器(qi)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)被轉(zhuan)換為(wei)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)，并(bing)進(jin)入射(she)頻單元(yuan)進(jin)行放(fang)大。信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大后，將其發(fa)(fa)(fa)送到(dao)(dao)(dao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)射(she)天線以覆蓋(gai)目標(biao)區域。上行鏈(lian)路的工(gong)作原理相同(tong)。手機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)送的信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)接收天線到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠端機(ji)(ji)，然后到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)近端機(ji)(ji)，然后返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)直放(fang)站(zhan)。

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