光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)站(zhan)是使(shi)用光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)進行信號(hao)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸的(de)直放(fang)站(zhan)。光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的(de)使(shi)用具有(you)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸損(sun)耗(hao)低，布(bu)線方便，適合遠距離傳(chuan)(chuan)輸的(de)特點。

由(you)(you)于(yu)無線(xian)傳輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰影(ying)效應，移動(dong)通信信號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盲區(qu)或弱區(qu)經(jing)常形成在這些高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后面或中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)。在蜂窩移動(dong)基站的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，由(you)(you)于(yu)相鄰小區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾問題，天(tian)線(xian)輻射場方向圖的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)瓣具有大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下傾角(jiao)，因此，高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)部(bu)無法接收信號(hao)。這就(jiu)是研究(jiu)光纖(xian)直放站的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因。

光纖直放站主要(yao)由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)近端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)（覆(fu)蓋單元(yuan)(yuan)）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)近端(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)都包括射頻(pin)單元(yuan)(yuan)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)單元(yuan)(yuan)。無(wu)線(xian)信(xin)號從基站耦合后(hou)，通(tong)過電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換進入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)信(xin)號轉換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，再經(jing)過通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)輸到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)遠(yuan)程機(ji)(ji)器(qi)。信(xin)號被轉換為(wei)電(dian)信(xin)號，并進入射頻(pin)單元(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)放(fang)大。信(xin)號放(fang)大后(hou)，將其發(fa)送到(dao)(dao)發(fa)射天線(xian)以覆(fu)蓋目標區域(yu)。上行(xing)鏈路的(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理相同。手機(ji)(ji)發(fa)送的(de)(de)信(xin)號通(tong)過接(jie)收天線(xian)到(dao)(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)到(dao)(dao)達近端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)直放(fang)站。

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