光(guang)纖直放(fang)站(zhan)是使用(yong)光(guang)纖進行(xing)信號(hao)傳輸(shu)的直放(fang)站(zhan)。光(guang)纖的使用(yong)具(ju)有(you)傳輸(shu)損耗低，布線(xian)方(fang)便，適(shi)合遠距離傳輸(shu)的特點。

由(you)于無線傳輸(shu)的(de)陰影效應，移動(dong)(dong)通信(xin)信(xin)號的(de)盲區(qu)或弱(ruo)區(qu)經常(chang)形成(cheng)在(zai)這些高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)后面(mian)或中(zhong)(zhong)間。在(zai)蜂(feng)窩移動(dong)(dong)基(ji)站的(de)建(jian)(jian)設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，由(you)于相鄰小區(qu)的(de)干擾問題(ti)，天線輻射場方向圖的(de)主(zhu)瓣具有大的(de)下傾(qing)角，因此，高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)上部無法接收信(xin)號。這就是研究光纖(xian)直放站的(de)原(yuan)因。

光纖直放站主(zhu)要由(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)（覆蓋(gai)單(dan)元）組(zu)成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)器(qi)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)器(qi)都包括(kuo)射頻單(dan)元和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)單(dan)元。無線(xian)(xian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)從基(ji)站耦(ou)合后(hou)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)進(jin)入(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，將電信(xin)號(hao)(hao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)到(dao)(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再(zai)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)輸到(dao)(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)程機(ji)器(qi)。信(xin)號(hao)(hao)被轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，并進(jin)入(ru)射頻單(dan)元進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)(fang)大(da)。信(xin)號(hao)(hao)放(fang)(fang)大(da)后(hou)，將其發(fa)送(song)到(dao)(dao)(dao)發(fa)射天線(xian)(xian)以覆蓋(gai)目標(biao)區(qu)域。上行(xing)鏈路(lu)的工作原理相同。手機(ji)發(fa)送(song)的信(xin)號(hao)(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)接收天線(xian)(xian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，然后(hou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，然后(hou)返回(hui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)(fang)站。

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