光纖直放站(zhan)是使用(yong)光纖進行信(xin)號傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)的直放站(zhan)。光纖的使用(yong)具(ju)有傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)損(sun)耗(hao)低，布線(xian)方便(bian)，適合遠(yuan)距離(li)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)的特(te)點。

由于無線傳輸的陰影效應，移動通(tong)信信號的盲區或(huo)弱(ruo)區經常形成在(zai)這些高層建(jian)(jian)筑物的后面或(huo)中(zhong)間。在(zai)蜂(feng)窩移動基站(zhan)的建(jian)(jian)設過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于相鄰小(xiao)區的干(gan)擾問題，天(tian)線輻射場方向圖(tu)的主瓣具(ju)有(you)大的下傾角，因(yin)此(ci)，高層建(jian)(jian)筑物的中(zhong)上部(bu)無法接收(shou)信號。這就(jiu)是(shi)研究(jiu)光(guang)纖直放(fang)站(zhan)的原(yuan)因(yin)。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)元(yuan)）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)都包括射頻單(dan)元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)單(dan)元(yuan)。無線(xian)(xian)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)從基站(zhan)耦(ou)合(he)后(hou)，通過電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換進(jin)入(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再經過通過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)輸到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)。信號(hao)(hao)(hao)被轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為電(dian)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)，并(bing)進(jin)入(ru)射頻單(dan)元(yuan)進(jin)行放大。信號(hao)(hao)(hao)放大后(hou)，將其發送到發射天線(xian)(xian)以覆蓋目標區域。上行鏈(lian)路的(de)工作原理(li)相同。手機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發送的(de)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)通過接(jie)收天線(xian)(xian)到達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)到達(da)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放站(zhan)。

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