光纖直(zhi)放站是使(shi)用(yong)(yong)光纖進(jin)行信號傳輸(shu)的直(zhi)放站。光纖的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)具有傳輸(shu)損耗(hao)低，布線方便，適合遠距(ju)離傳輸(shu)的特點。

由(you)(you)于(yu)無線(xian)(xian)傳輸的(de)(de)陰影(ying)效(xiao)應，移(yi)動(dong)通信(xin)信(xin)號的(de)(de)盲(mang)區(qu)或弱區(qu)經(jing)常形(xing)成在這些高層建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)后面(mian)或中(zhong)間。在蜂窩移(yi)動(dong)基(ji)站的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由(you)(you)于(yu)相鄰小區(qu)的(de)(de)干擾(rao)問題，天線(xian)(xian)輻射場方向圖的(de)(de)主瓣具有大的(de)(de)下傾(qing)角，因此，高層建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)中(zhong)上(shang)部無法接收信(xin)號。這就是研究光(guang)纖直放站的(de)(de)原(yuan)因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（覆(fu)蓋單(dan)元(yuan)）組(zu)成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)遠端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器都包括(kuo)射(she)(she)(she)頻單(dan)元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)單(dan)元(yuan)。無線信號(hao)(hao)(hao)從(cong)基站(zhan)耦合后(hou)(hou)，通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)，從(cong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再(zai)經過(guo)通過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳輸到(dao)(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)遠程機(ji)(ji)(ji)器。信號(hao)(hao)(hao)被轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)，并進(jin)入射(she)(she)(she)頻單(dan)元(yuan)進(jin)行放(fang)(fang)大(da)。信號(hao)(hao)(hao)放(fang)(fang)大(da)后(hou)(hou)，將其發(fa)送(song)到(dao)(dao)(dao)發(fa)射(she)(she)(she)天線以(yi)覆(fu)蓋目標區域。上行鏈路的工(gong)作原(yuan)理相同。手機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)送(song)的信號(hao)(hao)(hao)通過(guo)接收天線到(dao)(dao)(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)遠端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達近(jin)端(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)返(fan)回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)(fang)站(zhan)。

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