光纖(xian)(xian)直(zhi)放(fang)站是使用(yong)光纖(xian)(xian)進行信號傳(chuan)輸的(de)直(zhi)放(fang)站。光纖(xian)(xian)的(de)使用(yong)具有傳(chuan)輸損耗(hao)低，布線方便(bian)，適(shi)合遠距(ju)離傳(chuan)輸的(de)特點。

由于無(wu)(wu)線傳輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)陰影效應(ying)，移動通信(xin)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)盲區或弱區經(jing)常形成在(zai)這些(xie)高層(ceng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)后面或中間。在(zai)蜂窩移動基站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)過程(cheng)中，由于相(xiang)鄰小區的(de)(de)(de)干擾問題，天線輻射場方向圖的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)瓣(ban)具有大的(de)(de)(de)下傾角，因此，高層(ceng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)中上(shang)部(bu)無(wu)(wu)法接收信(xin)號(hao)。這就是研究光纖直(zhi)放站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)近(jin)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)元(yuan)）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)學近(jin)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)都包(bao)括射頻單(dan)元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學單(dan)元(yuan)。無線(xian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)從基站(zhan)耦(ou)合(he)后(hou)(hou)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)，再經(jing)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)傳輸到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)程機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)被(bei)轉換為(wei)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)，并進(jin)入射頻單(dan)元(yuan)進(jin)行放大。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)放大后(hou)(hou)，將其(qi)發(fa)送(song)到(dao)(dao)發(fa)射天(tian)線(xian)以(yi)覆蓋目標區域。上行鏈(lian)路(lu)的工作原理相同。手(shou)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)送(song)的信(xin)(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)接收天(tian)線(xian)到(dao)(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)達近(jin)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)直放站(zhan)。

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