光纖直(zhi)放(fang)站是(shi)使用光纖進(jin)行信號傳(chuan)輸(shu)的直(zhi)放(fang)站。光纖的使用具有傳(chuan)輸(shu)損(sun)耗低，布線方便，適合遠距離(li)傳(chuan)輸(shu)的特點。

由于無(wu)(wu)線傳(chuan)輸的(de)陰(yin)影效(xiao)應，移動通信(xin)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)盲(mang)區或(huo)弱(ruo)區經常形成在(zai)這(zhe)些高層建(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)后面或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)間。在(zai)蜂窩移動基站的(de)建(jian)(jian)設過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，由于相鄰小(xiao)區的(de)干擾問題，天線輻射場方向圖的(de)主瓣具(ju)有大的(de)下傾角，因此，高層建(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)上部(bu)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)接收(shou)信(xin)號(hao)。這(zhe)就是研究光(guang)纖(xian)直放站的(de)原因。

光纖直放站主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)）組成(cheng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器都包括射頻(pin)(pin)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)。無線(xian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)從基站耦合后(hou)，通(tong)過電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，再經(jing)過通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)輸到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠程機(ji)(ji)(ji)器。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)被轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為電(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，并(bing)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)射頻(pin)(pin)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行放大。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)放大后(hou)，將其發送到發射天線(xian)以覆蓋目標區域。上行鏈路的工作原(yuan)理相同。手機(ji)(ji)(ji)發送的信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)通(tong)過接收(shou)天線(xian)到達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)(xue)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)到達近端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)直放站。

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