光(guang)纖(xian)直放站(zhan)是(shi)使用(yong)(yong)光(guang)纖(xian)進行(xing)信號(hao)傳(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)直放站(zhan)。光(guang)纖(xian)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)具有(you)傳(chuan)輸(shu)損(sun)耗低(di)，布線方便，適合遠距離傳(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)特點。

由于無線傳輸的陰影(ying)效應，移動(dong)通信信號(hao)(hao)的盲區(qu)或弱區(qu)經常形成在這(zhe)些高(gao)層建(jian)筑物的后面或中(zhong)(zhong)間。在蜂窩移動(dong)基站的建(jian)設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，由于相鄰(lin)小區(qu)的干擾(rao)問(wen)題，天線輻射(she)場方向圖的主(zhu)瓣具有大的下傾角，因此，高(gao)層建(jian)筑物的中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)部(bu)無法接收信號(hao)(hao)。這(zhe)就是研究(jiu)光纖直放站的原因。

光纖直放站主要(yao)由光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近(jin)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)(dan)元）組成。光(guang)(guang)學(xue)近(jin)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)都包括射(she)頻單(dan)(dan)元和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)單(dan)(dan)元。無線(xian)信(xin)號(hao)從(cong)基站耦合后(hou)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)光(guang)(guang)轉換進入光(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，將電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)轉換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)，從(cong)光(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再(zai)經過(guo)(guo)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳輸(shu)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)程機(ji)(ji)器(qi)。信(xin)號(hao)被轉換為(wei)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，并進入射(she)頻單(dan)(dan)元進行放(fang)大。信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大后(hou)，將其發送到(dao)發射(she)天線(xian)以覆蓋目標區域。上行鏈路的工(gong)作(zuo)原理相(xiang)同。手機(ji)(ji)發送的信(xin)號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)接收天線(xian)到(dao)達光(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)到(dao)達近(jin)端(duan)機(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)站。

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