光(guang)纖(xian)直(zhi)(zhi)放站(zhan)是使(shi)用(yong)光(guang)纖(xian)進行(xing)信號傳輸的直(zhi)(zhi)放站(zhan)。光(guang)纖(xian)的使(shi)用(yong)具有傳輸損耗低，布線(xian)方便，適合遠距離傳輸的特點(dian)。

由于(yu)(yu)無(wu)線(xian)傳輸的陰影效應，移動(dong)(dong)通信(xin)信(xin)號(hao)的盲區或弱(ruo)區經常形成在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些高(gao)層建(jian)筑物的后面或中(zhong)間。在(zai)(zai)蜂窩移動(dong)(dong)基站(zhan)的建(jian)設過程中(zhong)，由于(yu)(yu)相鄰(lin)小區的干擾問題(ti)，天線(xian)輻射場方(fang)向圖(tu)的主瓣(ban)具有大的下傾角(jiao)，因此(ci)，高(gao)層建(jian)筑物的中(zhong)上部無(wu)法(fa)接收(shou)信(xin)號(hao)。這(zhe)就是研究(jiu)光纖直放站(zhan)的原(yuan)因。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)近(jin)端機，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)遠(yuan)(yuan)端機（覆(fu)蓋單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)近(jin)端機器(qi)(qi)(qi)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)(yuan)端機器(qi)(qi)(qi)都包括射(she)頻單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)。無線信(xin)號(hao)從基站耦合后(hou)，通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機，將電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)轉換為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端機到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)，再經過(guo)(guo)通過(guo)(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)傳(chuan)輸到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)(yuan)程機器(qi)(qi)(qi)。信(xin)號(hao)被(bei)轉換為電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，并進(jin)入射(she)頻單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)進(jin)行放(fang)大。信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大后(hou)，將其發(fa)送到發(fa)射(she)天線以覆(fu)蓋目標區域。上行鏈路的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理相同(tong)。手機發(fa)送的(de)信(xin)號(hao)通過(guo)(guo)接收天線到達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)遠(yuan)(yuan)端機，然后(hou)到達(da)近(jin)端機，然后(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)直放(fang)站。

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