光(guang)纖直(zhi)放站(zhan)是使用(yong)光(guang)纖進行信(xin)號傳輸的直(zhi)放站(zhan)。光(guang)纖的使用(yong)具有傳輸損耗低，布線方便，適合(he)遠距(ju)離(li)傳輸的特點(dian)。

由(you)于(yu)(yu)無(wu)線傳輸的(de)陰影效應，移(yi)動(dong)通(tong)信信號的(de)盲區(qu)或弱區(qu)經常(chang)形成在這(zhe)些高(gao)層建筑物(wu)的(de)后面或中(zhong)間(jian)。在蜂窩移(yi)動(dong)基站的(de)建設過程中(zhong)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)相鄰小(xiao)區(qu)的(de)干擾問(wen)題，天(tian)線輻射(she)場方向圖的(de)主瓣具有大的(de)下傾(qing)角，因(yin)此，高(gao)層建筑物(wu)的(de)中(zhong)上(shang)部無(wu)法接收信號。這(zhe)就是研究光纖直放(fang)站的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)。

光纖直放站主要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)（覆蓋單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)）組成(cheng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)學近(jin)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)器和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)器都包(bao)括射(she)頻單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)學單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)。無線(xian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)從基(ji)站(zhan)耦合后，通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換進入光(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，將電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，從光(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再(zai)經過(guo)通(tong)過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳輸到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠程機(ji)器。信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)被轉(zhuan)換為(wei)電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)，并進入射(she)頻單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)進行放大。信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)放大后，將其(qi)發(fa)送(song)到(dao)發(fa)射(she)天線(xian)以(yi)覆蓋目(mu)標區域(yu)。上行鏈路的工(gong)作原理相同。手機(ji)發(fa)送(song)的信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)通(tong)過(guo)接收天線(xian)到(dao)達(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，然(ran)后到(dao)達(da)近(jin)端(duan)(duan)(duan)機(ji)，然(ran)后返(fan)回光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直(zhi)放站(zhan)。

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