光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放(fang)站是使(shi)用光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)進(jin)行信號傳(chuan)輸的直放(fang)站。光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的使(shi)用具有傳(chuan)輸損(sun)耗低，布線方便，適合遠距離傳(chuan)輸的特點。

由(you)于無(wu)線(xian)傳輸(shu)的(de)(de)陰影效應，移動(dong)通信信號的(de)(de)盲區或(huo)弱區經常(chang)形成在(zai)這些高層建筑物的(de)(de)后面或(huo)中(zhong)間。在(zai)蜂窩移動(dong)基站的(de)(de)建設過程中(zhong)，由(you)于相鄰小(xiao)區的(de)(de)干擾(rao)問題(ti)，天線(xian)輻射場方(fang)向圖(tu)的(de)(de)主瓣具有大的(de)(de)下傾角，因(yin)此，高層建筑物的(de)(de)中(zhong)上(shang)部無(wu)法接收信號。這就是(shi)研究光(guang)纖直(zhi)放站的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)。

光纖直放站主(zhu)要由光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)近端(duan)機(ji)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)（覆蓋(gai)單(dan)元）組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學近端(duan)機(ji)器(qi)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)器(qi)都(dou)包括射(she)頻單(dan)元和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學單(dan)元。無線(xian)信(xin)號從(cong)基站(zhan)(zhan)耦合后(hou)(hou)，通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換進(jin)入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號轉換為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號，從(cong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端(duan)機(ji)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，再(zai)經過(guo)通過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳輸到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)程機(ji)器(qi)。信(xin)號被轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號，并進(jin)入射(she)頻單(dan)元進(jin)行放大。信(xin)號放大后(hou)(hou)，將(jiang)其發(fa)送到(dao)發(fa)射(she)天線(xian)以(yi)覆蓋(gai)目標區域(yu)。上(shang)行鏈(lian)路的工作原理相同。手(shou)機(ji)發(fa)送的信(xin)號通過(guo)接收(shou)天線(xian)到(dao)達光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學遠(yuan)端(duan)機(ji)，然后(hou)(hou)到(dao)達近端(duan)機(ji)，然后(hou)(hou)返回光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)直放站(zhan)(zhan)。

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